The generic conventions of a horror film -
Setting - the film is usually set in an obviously spooky setting, for example a graveyard, a mental asylum or an abandoned building, however films often try to scare audience by having he film set in a place the audience can related to - for example in a house when you're home alone like shown in the example above.
Lighting - Horror films are often using dark colours, often blacks and greys, which are then exaggerated by the black that the evil character is wearing and is contrasted by the white of the victim-character and exaggerates their innocence. This is shown in the clip above by the low-key lighting and the white of the main character
Sound - Sound is often used in a combination of generic silence, high-pitched intense sounds and loud bangs. This is portrayed in the film above at the very start with the scream and the violent phone ringing, as well as throughout the piece.
Iconography - Generic iconography of a horror film tends to be the use of stabbing or knives, as well as jumpy scenes in mirrors and unexplainable loud bangs or moving objects. If the film is more of a paranormal than a slasher then moving objects and bangs are more prominent.
Character - The generic characters of a horror tend to be the dumb blonde character who is incapable of looking after herself (shown most notable in the scene above) as well as the macho main protagonist who everyone looks to o sort the problem.
Action -
Lighting - Lighting differs throughout the entire film, however often at the opening scene of a film we often see an opening where the 'bad' character is doing something, so the opening is often filled with low-key lighting - this Is shown in the opening above.
Sound - Sound is often used as a combination of screams and gunshots where a big shootout scene is happening. Alternatively, if the scene is set outside then you often hear car-related sounds such a wheels screeching and horns, as well as gunshots and pedestrians screaming.
Iconography - In action films there is often the use of generic car or foot chase scenes that involve the 'good' guy eventually getting the 'bad' guy, or the 'bad' guy dying. Similarly, there is often the stereotypical use of a victim or hostage, which often is linked to the main character somehow or involves money. Similar to this you often have the icon of a bomb or some explosion that has a timer that needs to be stopped - however this is usually later in the film and not in the opening.
Characters - In a generic action film, you often see the stereotypical 'good' guy character, on a Hollywood film this is usually a patriotic American who saves the world, however above it is Batman. Similarly, you also have the generic 'bad' guy who is trying to either take over the world or is trying to take revenge on something that has happened to him - in the film above, it is the 'Joker'. Furthermore, you often have the 'bad' guy's followers, these are seen in the scene above as trying to do what the Joker has asked them to do, as well you often have the victim, often a woman, or a hostage, who the 'good' guy eventually saves.
Comedy
Setting - The generic setting of a comedy tends to be in a relatable working place. This could be at work, at home etc - in the film above it is a school setting.
Lighting - Unlike a drama or horror, the lighting in a comedy tends to be high-key and bright, showing lots of vibrant colours - this sets the scene for a light-hearted and humorous film.
Iconography - Iconography in comedic films tend to be bright colours and light setting - often filmed during day-time - compared to the darkness and night-time shots of a horror. A comedy also often has objects that can be used for comedic use for example a banana skin or the stereotypical wooden plank.
Character - Characters often include the idiotic accident prone character, as well as the person whom accident occur around and the highly intelligent, socially awkward characters. In 21 Jump Street, these characters are the most prominent.
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